Key Takeaways
- Tax rate schedules can help you estimate the amount of tax that you will owe when you prepare your taxes.
- There are different tax rate schedules based on your filing status, with seven different tax rates for each filing status in 2023.
- As your taxable income increases, the percentage of tax you pay on your income can increase if you move into a higher tax bracket.
- Each year, the tax brackets are adjusted upward effectively reducing the amount of tax that is paid on a specific amount of taxable income.
Use the tables below to find your tax bracket.
What Are Tax Brackets?
Each year, the federal government sets tax brackets that include unique tax rates for different levels of income that individuals use when filing their taxes.
These tax brackets determine how much you’ll pay on your taxable income for that year.
Each year, tax brackets are adjusted based on inflation. In many countries, including the United States, tax brackets are progressive, which means the more you earn, the higher your tax rate will be.
What Are the Federal Tax Brackets for 2023 (for filing in 2024)?
Single
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $11,000 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $11,000 | $44,725 | $1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000 |
| $44,725 | $95,375 | $5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725 |
| $95,375 | $182,100 | $16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375 |
| $182,100 | $231,250 | $37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100 |
| $231,250 | $578,125 | $52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250 |
| $578,125 | no limit | $174,238 plus 37% of the amount over $578,125 |
Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow (Widower)
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $22,000 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $22,000 | $89,450 | $2,200 plus 12% of the amount over $22,000 |
| $89,450 | $190,750 | $10,294 plus 22% of the amount over $89,450 |
| $190,750 | $364,200 | $32,580 plus 24% of the amount over $190,750 |
| $364,200 | $462,500 | $74,208 plus 32% of the amount over $364,200 |
| $462,500 | $693,750 | $105,664 plus 35% of the amount over $462,500 |
| $693,750 | no limit | $186,601.50 plus 37 % of the amount over $693,750 |
Married Filing Separately
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $11,000 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $11,000 | $44,725 | $1,100 plus 12% of the amount over $11,000 |
| $44,725 | $95,375 | $5,147 plus 22% of the amount over $44,725 |
| $95,375 | $182,100 | $16,290 plus 24% of the amount over $95,375 |
| $182,100 | $231,250 | $37,104 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100 |
| $231,250 | $346,875 | $52,832 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250 |
| $346,875 | no limit | $93,300.75 plus 37% of the amount over $346,875 |
Head of Household
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $15,700 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $15,700 | $59,850 | $1,570 plus 12% of the amount over $15,700 |
| $59,850 | $95,350 | $6,868 plus 22% of the amount over $59,850 |
| $95,350 | $182,100 | $14,678 plus 24% of the amount over $95,350 |
| $182,100 | $231,250 | $35,498 plus 32% of the amount over $182,100 |
| $231,250 | $578,100 | $51,226 plus 35% of the amount over $231,250 |
| $578,100 | no limit | $172,623.50 plus 37% of the amount over $578,100 |
What Are the Federal Tax Brackets for 2024 (for filing in 2025)?
Single
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $11,600 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $11,600 | $47,150 | $1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600 |
| $47,150 | $100,525 | $5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150 |
| $100,525 | $191,950 | $17,169 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525 |
| $191,950 | $243,725 | $39,111 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950 |
| $243,725 | $609,350 | $55,679 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725 |
| $609,350 | no limit | $183,647 plus 37% of the amount over $609,350 |
Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow (Widower)
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $23,200 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $23,200 | $94,300 | $2,320 plus 12% of the amount over $23,200 |
| $94,300 | $201,050 | $10,852 plus 22% of the amount over $94,300 |
| $201,050 | $383,900 | $34,337 plus 24% of the amount over $201,050 |
| $383,900 | $487,450 | $78,221 plus 32% of the amount over $383,900 |
| $487,450 | $731,200 | $111,357 plus 35% of the amount over $487,450 |
| $731,200 | no limit | $196,670 plus 37 % of the amount over $731,200 |
Married Filing Separately
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $11,600 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $11,600 | $47,150 | $1,160 plus 12% of the amount over $11,600 |
| $47,150 | $100,525 | $5,426 plus 22% of the amount over $47,150 |
| $100,525 | $191,950 | $17,169 plus 24% of the amount over $100,525 |
| $191,950 | $243,725 | $39,111 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950 |
| $243,725 | $365,600 | $55,679 plus 35% of the amount over $243,725 |
| $365,600 | no limit | $98,335 plus 37% of the amount over $365,600 |
Head of Household
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $16,550 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $16,550 | $63,100 | $1,655 plus 12% of the amount over $16,550 |
| $63,100 | $100,500 | $7,241 plus 22% of the amount over $63,100 |
| $100,500 | $191,950 | $15,469 plus 24% of the amount over $100,500 |
| $191,950 | $243,700 | $37,417 plus 32% of the amount over $191,950 |
| $243,700 | $609,350 | $53,977 plus 35% of the amount over $243,700 |
| $609,350 | no limit | $181955 plus 37% of the amount over $609350 |
What Are the Tax Brackets for 2022 (for filing in 2023)?
Single
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $10,275 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $10,275 | $41,775 | $1,027.50 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275 |
| $41,775 | $89,075 | $4,807.50 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775 |
| $89,075 | $170,050 | $15,213.50 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075 |
| $170,050 | $215,950 | $34,647.50 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050 |
| $215,950 | $539,900 | $49,335.50 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950 |
| $539,900 | no limit | $162,718 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900 |
Married Filing Jointly or Qualifying Widow (Widower)
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $20,550 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $20,550 | $83,550 | $2,055 plus 12% of the amount over $20,550 |
| $83,550 | $178,150 | $9,615 plus 22% of the amount over $83,550 |
| $178,150 | $340,100 | $30,427 plus 24% of the amount over $178,150 |
| $340,100 | $431,900 | $69,295 plus 32% of the amount over $340,100 |
| $431,900 | $647,850 | $98,671 plus 35% of the amount over $431,900 |
| $647,850 | no limit | $174,235.50 plus 37 % of the amount over $647,850 |
Married Filing Separately
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $10,275 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $10,275 | $41,775 | $1027.50 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275 |
| $41,775 | $89,075 | $4807.50 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775 |
| $89,075 | $170,050 | $15,213.50 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075 |
| $170,050 | $215,950 | $34,647.50 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050 |
| $215,950 | $323,925 | $49,335.50 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950 |
| $323,925 | no limit | $87,126.75 plus 37% of the amount over $323,925 |
Head of Household
| If taxable income is over: | but not over: | the tax is: |
| $0 | $14,650 | 10% of the amount over $0 |
| $14,650 | $55,900 | $1,465 plus 12% of the amount over $14,650 |
| $55,900 | $89,050 | $6,415 plus 22% of the amount over $55,900 |
| $89,050 | $170,050 | $13,708 plus 24% of the amount over $89,050 |
| $170,050 | $215,950 | $33,148 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050 |
| $215,950 | $539,900 | $47,836 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950 |
| $539,900 | no limit | $161,218.50 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900 |
TurboTax Tip:
There are different tax rate schedules for long-term capital gains than for other income.
How Do Tax Brackets Work?
Tax brackets divide your taxable income into different brackets or ranges, applying a different tax rate to each bracket your taxable income falls under. This means you won’t pay taxes at your highest tax rate on all of your taxable income.
Let’s take a look at an example.
Let’s say for the 2023 tax year (filing for 2024), you earned a taxable income of $90,000, and you filed as single. Based on the tax brackets, you’ll fall under the third tax bracket for taxable incomes between $44,725 and $95,375, which has a tax rate of 22%. However, you won’t pay a 22% tax rate on the entirety of your $90,000 taxable income.
Instead, here’s what you pay:
- 10% on the first $11,000, which is $1,100
- 12% on amounts over $11,000 and under $44,725, which is $4,047
- 22% on amounts over $44,725 and under $95,375. However, your taxable income is $90,000, which means $45,275 will be taxed at 22%, which is $9,960.50.
Overall, your tax liability for the 2023 tax year will be $15,107.50 ($1,100 + $4047 + $9,960.50).
This means that, although you fall under the 22% tax rate, your effective tax rate is about 16.8%, which is the average tax rate of the total taxable income you’re required to pay.
What Is a Marginal Tax Rate?
When you hear someone refer to themselves as falling under the 22% tax bracket, for example, this refers to their marginal tax rate. Marginal tax rate is different than the effective tax rate and refers to the highest tax bracket your last dollar of taxable income falls under.
For example, if you’re married and filing jointly for 2023 taxes with a taxable income of $95,000, you’d fall under the 22% tax bracket even though a majority of your taxable income ($89,450) falls under the 12% tax bracket.
How Can You Get Into a Lower Tax Bracket?
If your taxable income is on the cusp of tax brackets, you may be wondering how to get into the lower tax bracket to pay fewer taxes on your income. There are a few ways individuals can fall into lower tax brackets, including tax credits and tax deductions.
Tax credits offer dollar-for-dollar deductions on your overall tax liability, while tax deductions reduce the amount of your taxable income.
Learn more about how to lower your effective tax rate.
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