Goverment debt to GDP in EU countries 2023 | Statista (2024)

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Mar 12, 2024

In the fourth quarter of 2020, Greece's national debt was the highest in all of the European Union, amounting to 165.5 percent of Greece's gross domestic product. In spite of Greece's total being high by EU standards, it marks a substantial decrease from the historical high point reached by the country's national debt of 207 percent of GDP in 2020. Italy, France, Spain, Belgium, and Portugal also all have government debt worth over one year's production of their economies, while the small Baltic country of Estonia has the smallest national debt when compared with GDP, at only 18.2 percent.

In debitum incrementum?

A country’s national debt, also known as government debt or public debt, is defined as all borrowings owed by the government of a country. It usually comprises internal debt – owed to other governmental departments – and external debt, which is held by the public and is owed to government bond owners. National debt can be caused by a struggling economy in general, or by low tax income, which usually leads to money being borrowed from other governments for support, which in turn cannot be paid back right away. At first glance, a high national debt is not always a sign of a struggling economy – but since increasing debt can slow down economic growth significantly, it is imperative for the respective government to seek a steady reduction in the long run.

Government debt in relation to gross domestic product (GDP) in European Union countries in the 3rd quarter of 2023

CharacteristicDebt in relation to GDP
Greece165.5%
Italy140.6%
France111.9%
Spain109.8%
Belgium108%
Portugal107.5%
Cyprus79.4%
Austria78.2%
Hungary75%
Finland73.8%
Slovenia71.4%
Germany64.8%
Croatia64.4%
Slovakia58.6%
Malta49.3%
Romania48.9%
Poland48.7%
Netherlands45.9%
Czechia44.5%
Ireland43.6%
Latvia41.4%
Lithuania37.4%
Denmark30.1%
Sweden29.7%
Luxembourg25.7%
Bulgaria21%
Estonia18.2%

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Goverment debt to GDP in EU countries 2023 | Statista (2024)

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Goverment debt to GDP in EU countries 2023 | Statista? ›

Compared with the second quarter of 2022, the government debt to GDP ratio also decreased in both the euro area (from 93.5% to 90.3%) and the EU (from 85.9% to 83.1%). At the end of the second quarter of 2023, debt securities accounted for 83.4% of euro area and for 82.9% of EU general government debt.

What EU countries are in debt to GDP? ›

Compared with the second quarter of 2022, the government debt to GDP ratio also decreased in both the euro area (from 93.5% to 90.3%) and the EU (from 85.9% to 83.1%). At the end of the second quarter of 2023, debt securities accounted for 83.4% of euro area and for 82.9% of EU general government debt.

What is the current debt to GDP ratio for 2023? ›

The United States' debt-to-GDP ratio at the close of fiscal year 2023 was 97 percent. While this figure is down slightly from 100 percent in 2020, a 74-year high, the nation's fiscal outlook is still on an unsustainable path. Debt held by the public is on track to exceed GDP in 2025 and climb to 116 percent in 2034.

What is Germany's debt to GDP in 2023? ›

Germany recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 63.60 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2023. Government Debt to GDP in Germany averaged 66.41 percent of GDP from 1995 until 2023, reaching an all time high of 82.00 percent of GDP in 2010 and a record low of 54.90 percent of GDP in 1995. source: EUROSTAT.

What is Portugal's debt to GDP in 2023? ›

Portugal Government debt accounted for 99.1 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with the ratio of 107.5 % in the previous quarter.

Which European country has the highest debt? ›

At the end of 2022, 13 out of 27 EU Member States reported debt to GDP ratios higher than the reference value of 60.0 %, while six EU Member States recorded debt to GDP ratios of more than 100.0 %: Greece recorded the highest debt to GDP ratio at 171.3 %, followed by Italy (144.4 %), Portugal (113.9 %), Spain (113.2 %) ...

Which countries in the EU are struggling to pay their debts? ›

PIIGS is an acronym for Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain, which were the weakest economies in the eurozone during the European debt crisis. Sovereign risk is the risk that a foreign government will default on their bonds or impose foreign exchange regulations that harm FX contracts' value.

Which country has the highest debt in 2023? ›

At the top is Japan, whose national debt has remained above 100% of its GDP for two decades, reaching 255% in 2023. *For the U.S. and Canada, gross debt levels were adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees' defined-benefit pension plans.

What country is #1 in debt? ›

Japan has the highest percentage of national debt in the world at 259.43% of its annual GDP.

What country has the best economy? ›

The United States is the undisputed heavyweight when it comes to the economies of the world. America's gross domestic product in 2022 was more than 40% greater than that of China, the world No. 2. Even more striking, U.S. GDP was over five times that of the next two largest economies, Japan and Germany.

How much debt is France in 2023? ›

In the latest reports, France National Government Debt reached 3,430.5 USD bn in Dec 2023. The country's Nominal GDP reached 736.3 USD bn in Mar 2023.

What is Denmark's debt to GDP 2023? ›

Denmark recorded a Government Debt to GDP of 29.30 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2023. Government Debt to GDP in Denmark averaged 40.32 percent of GDP from 1999 until 2023, reaching an all time high of 58.10 percent of GDP in 1999 and a record low of 27.30 percent of GDP in 2007.

How much debt does Spain have? ›

In the latest reports, Spain National Government Debt reached 1,740.9 USD bn in Dec 2023. The country's Nominal GDP reached 378.4 USD bn in Mar 2023.

What is Greece's debt to GDP ratio? ›

The economy of Greece is offically reported as having a debt-to-GDP ratio of 159.0%, indicating Greece's debt level is $365 Billion. World Economics has reassessed Greece's debt levels and estimates them to be lower than official figures suggest.

What is the national debt of Belgium in 2023? ›

Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to Q4 1998 is based on ESA 1995. In the latest reports, Belgium National Government Debt reached 680.2 USD bn in Dec 2023. The country's Nominal GDP reached 153.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.

What countries are most indebted to GDP? ›

30 Countries with Highest Debt-to-GDP: 2024 Rankings
  • Canada. ...
  • Portugal. ...
  • Spain. Debt-to-GDP Ratio (2024): 104.7. ...
  • United Kingdom. Debt-to-GDP Ratio (2024): 105.9. ...
  • Belgium. Debt-to-GDP Ratio (2024): 106.8. ...
  • Barbados. Debt-to-GDP Ratio (2024): 107.5. ...
  • Cabo Verde. Debt-to-GDP Ratio (2024): 109.7. ...
  • France. Debt-to-GDP Ratio (2024): 110.5.
Jan 29, 2024

Is Germany in debt? ›

The national debt in Germany was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 195.6 billion U.S. dollars (+6.76 percent). After the tenth consecutive increasing year, the national debt is estimated to reach 3.1 trillion U.S. dollars and therefore a new peak in 2029.

What is the richest EU countries GDP? ›

In 2022, Luxembourg recorded the highest level of GDP per capita in the EU followed by Ireland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Austria and Belgium.

Is the Netherlands in debt? ›

Statistics Netherlands provides Government Debt in EUR and Nominal GDP in EUR. In the latest reports, Netherlands National Government Debt reached 531.7 USD bn in Dec 2023. The country's Nominal GDP reached 272.1 USD bn in Mar 2023.

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