In politics, the Sovereign is used to prioritise the main leader in various categorical aspects. This word has been derived from the French word ‘sovereign’, which has come from the Latin word superānus, which means “Above”. The title sovereign can be applied to the head of states or head of municipal governance. Sovereign is applied to the Indian constitution, representing that India is not regulated by any other external power or governing body. Constitutional sovereignty governs every process of construction and amending of Indian law. Each of the states under India can take independent decisions. Therefore, sovereignty is maintained in India and mentioned in the preamble part of the constitution.
The word Sovereign derives from an old French word sovereign which inversely came from the Latin word superānus. The meaning of the Latin word is ‘Above”. Therefore, the ethical meaning of the word is the high-ranked authority of a Governing body to imply the right to make autonomous decisions. The word is used as a tale in politics to give reality to the individual seated in the highest rank of the governing body. The practice to give superiority to the Sovereign is known as sovereignty. Sovereignty is the practice over polity to give respect and power to the Sovereign to make decisions for the governing body and take immediate decisions in devastating situations. There are several types of sovereignty which are as follows:
- Titular sovereignty: it can be defined as a fake sovereign only by name, which is not given any superior power to govern effectively. For example, the king of Japan, the Queen of Britain, is performing the role of titular sovereignty.
- Legal and political sovereignty: Legal Sovereignty is the supreme power of states to empower the legislation and decision by the highest authority. In each state of India, there is Legal sovereignty. Generally, it is said that electorates have only political sovereignty. Legal sovereignty is selected by political sovereigns.
Internal and external sovereignty
The core understanding of this type of sovereignty is to implement the supreme power to the state authority over all other authority or institutions. External sovereignty means the practice of sovereignty by the state’s authority to stop the attack of foreign states on other foreign states.
Popular sovereignty
It refers to the practice of sovereignty by which the governing body is supported and empowered by the public. In democratic countries, popular sovereignty is practised by the common people by electing their representatives.
De Jure and De Facto sovereignty
This type of sovereignty is authorized by rules and laws to empower the governing body.
Sovereignty in the preamble of the Indian constitution
Preamble represents the introduction part of the Indian constitution and states that Indians are the origin of the constitution. It secures justice, liberty, equality and promotion in fraternity among all Indians. The word “Sovereignty” had been mentioned in the preamble for the attribution of the word “Republic”. It has represented three ideas regarding Indian law. The “Republic of India” is considered as a single entity, and the entity is termed as “Sovereignty”. It represents one nation, one country, one voice, one state and “one will”, which are the main criteria for emphasising “Sovereign Republic” in Indian democracy. The “Republic of India” refers to “Sovereignty” that suggests equal and independent status with the members of the international community.
Moreover, India has the supreme legal competence to fix Indian laws. It suggests the owner affairs and absolute control of Indian regulations by the “Sovereignty”. Therefore, it can be said that India is a country that follows sober, and these are represented in the Indian constitution.
Analysis of preamble
Indian democracy has been emphasised in the constitution preamble by analysing the “Sovereignty” of India. It focuses on the two-fold objective of the Indian constitution regarding the term “Sovereign Democratic Republic”. The preamble tells the unity of nations while promoting fraternity among all the citizens of India. It suggests the idea of constructing a nation with “one voice and one will”. It also expresses that the constituent assembly was given to the Indian citizens on 26 November 1949. The preamble clarified that “Sovereignty” is associated with each people of India, and there does not exist any rooms for princess, crown or similar rank. All the people of India have been marked as one body in the preamble of the Indian constitution. They are all included for presenting the assembly chamber to construct the frame of the constitution. Solman’s resolution is taken in it, referring to the Indian, not the God.
The preamble has expressed some terms to describe the Indian democracy. These terms are:
Democratic: it represents the political democracy, i.e., the application of the voting system to elect any country leader.
Republic: the head authority of any state elected by vote is called a republic. It represents the “Sovereignty” of the people to represent the democracy and government of India.
Liberty: the preamble expects the liberty of expression, faith, belief and thoughts of all Indians
Equality: the preamble aims to control equality by maintaining basic facts like economic, political and social matters by giving opportunities.
Fraternity: it expresses the brotherhood among all the communities under India.
Indian Sovereignty
The term “the people of India” represents the Indian constitution and talks about the nullification of other authorities to enact Indian laws. From the preamble analysis, it can be said that the Indian constitution had been constructed to maintain equality among all the citizens of India. It is evident that all the governing rules are maintained by independent states under India. The Government of India is independent to take any steps regarding the nation. No external nation or community has control over it. The preamble takes the resolution to maintain equality among all the people of India to get the opportunity of various political, economic, social and other factors. All of these explanations make it clear that India is a sovereign country.
Conclusion
Sovereign is referred to as the supreme power of the highest authority. A sovereign has the power to control the governing body. The Sovereign is selected by the common people. The practice of sovereignty is over polity to make reasonable decisions to protect the common people. The prime duty of a sovereign is to protect the public can’t make decisions to solve the issues in politics. The high authorities of India have the supreme power to make any rational decisions. Moreover, the Indian preamble says about equality among all citizens. Therefore, India is considered a sovereign country, and the word “Sovereign” is mentioned in the introduction part of the constitution, i.e., preamble.
